How France successfully countered Russian interference during the presidential election
By
Ninon Bulckaert |
EURACTIV.fr | translated by
Freya Kirk
Jul 17, 2018
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"At a time when institutions, treaties and even borders are no longer respected, dialogue with Russia is necessary for France and Europe," Pieyre-Alexandre Anglade wrote on Twitter. Pieyre-Alexandre Anglade is Macron's party spokesperson on European affairs. [
EFE/DMITRY LOVETSKY / POOL]
Languages:
Français
After the Brexit referendum and Trump’s election in 2016, the
French presidential campaign in 2017 was also affected by Russian interference. However, unlike the US and the UK, France managed to maintain its democratic integrity.
EURACTIV.fr reports.
A few hours ahead of the electoral silence and two days before the first round of presidential elections, tens of thousands of emails from Emmanuel Macron’s campaign team were leaked. Attached with the emails were summary notes, photos, invoices and among those official documents were some fakes.
Heather A. Conley, the senior vice president for Europe, Eurasia, and the Arctic at the Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS), believes that
France has reacted in the most effective way to counter Russian interference.
Strong Institutions
Two structures played their role as safe-keep in France: the National Commission for the control of the electoral campaign for the presidential election (CNCCEP), which serves as a campaign watchdog, and the National Cybersecurity Agency (ANSSI).
According to Conley, French institutions have better protected the integrity of elections than those in the US, where “elections are managed at the state level with federal oversight of campaign financing (e.g., the Federal Election Commission)”.
“Protection of critical infrastructure (such as election systems) is provided by the Department of Homeland Security but must be developed in cooperation with each state (which may have different approaches)”.
In France, there is a centralised supervisory body to ensure integrity.
A leak that turned into a farce
Another factor is that those who hacked into the Macron team’s emails
made several mistakes. Some fake emails were added along with the leaked documents but they were so absurd that they were hardly credible. Macron’s campaign team reacted by denouncing the hack on social media and turning it into a complete farce.
“Fortunately for the Macron campaign, the fact that nothing compromising was found in the emails improved Macron’s positive image as an authentic and ‘clean’ candidate, compared to earlier scandals involving another presidential candidate,” said Conley.
The timing of the leak only served to increase
suspicion of interference by Russia. Conley believes that “releasing Macron’s staff emails just hours before the electoral silence period was a risk”.
The limited period of time was insufficient to spread the leak and public opinion could easily believe it to be a hoax (and this feeling was strengthened by the amateurish nature of the fake emails). Additionally, the fact that countries such as the United States or the United Kingdom had previously been affected increased French mistrust.
Macron – only target
Macron’s campaign team had also taken precautions to counter hacking risks, they favoured the use of WhatsApp over Telegram (a Russian application) to communicate confidential information, and only used email to exchange open information. Furthermore, French nationals living abroad did not benefit from the electronic vote to reduce the risk of interference.
But
why is Russia interfering in the West, especially in a democratic process as fundamental as an election? And why was Emmanuel Macron the only one of the candidates of the French elections to be targeted?
“
Russian active measures are designed to sow discord, heighten societal divisions and undermine confidence in democracy. Both during the Cold War and now, Russia has used these time-honoured tactics to achieve parity with liberal democracies. If Russia and the West are equals, we cannot criticise or highlight differences in rule of law, human rights or civil societies,” stated Conley.
Boris Toucas, an associate researcher at CSIS and an expert on Russia, believes these practices are not in Russia’s interest. He said that “
if Russia thinks it can compensate a perceived lack of leverage on the West by trying to undermine its democratic institutions, it’s making a mistake since it only complicates further its relationship with the West”.
Toucas stated that “the so-called Macron Leaks were
never formally attributed to Russia, although President Macron made clear during a press conference with President P.utin
that RT and Sputnik had been acting like propaganda agents during the campaign”.
Ukraine, Russia and propaganda: Macron sets his red lines at Versailles
The presidents of France and Russia met at Versailles yesterday (29 May) in an attempt to inject some life into bilateral relations. An uncompromising Emmanuel
Macron heavily criticised Russia’s propaganda outlets, Sputnik and Russia Today. EURACTIV France reports.
Emmanuel Macron, unlike the more ‘pro-P.utin’ National Front candidate, Marine Le Pen, called for a “demanding dialogue” with Moscow and was in favour of maintaining European sanctions on the annexation of Crimea.