I appreciate your reply. You're right, in order for the genes for cuckolding to be passed on, they must be in the alpha males as well, and I believe they are. My contention isn't that cuckolds and bulls are programmed differently. All heterosexual males are programmed to desire females. But in societies there are always hierarchies, so by definition there will always be alphas in any population. I'm positing genes that allow males lower in the sexual desirability hierarchy to accept it and remain contributing members of the tribe/group.