Can a former history professor weigh in here:
Slavery was the primary catalyst of the American Civil War:
- The Southern economy was heavily reliant on slave labor for its cotton production, making the institution vital to their way of life.
- The debate over slavery dominated American politics for decades, with growing tensions between free states and slave states over the issue of expansion into US Territories. Ex: Missouri Compromise and Kansas-Nebraska Act
- When Lincoln was elected, several Southern states seceded from the Union, explicitly citing their desire to protect slavery as the primary reason.
- During the war, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared that enslaved people in Confederate territories would be freed, further solidifying the war as a fight against slavery.
Although slavery was not the only issue that led to a rise in sectional tensions, it was at the center of most issues that directly and indirectly led to war.